Selective Bibliography on the Cold War Alliances: NATO

GENERAL

WARSAW PACT

NATO
General
Out of Area
Periods			Countries
Origins			Belgium
1950s			Canada
1960s			Denmark
1970s			France
1980s			Germany
1990s			Greece
2000s			Iceland
			Italy
			Netherlands
			Norway
			Portugal
			Spain
			Sweden
			Turkey
			United Kingdom
			United States

NATO | General

Barry, Charles L. “NATO’s Combined Joint Task Forces in Theory and Practice.” Survival 38, no.1 (1996).

Baev, Jordan, ed. NATO in the Balkans: 1949-1999 [CD-ROM Bilingual Documentary Volume]. Sofia: B-M Publishing House, 2001.

Bange, Oliver. “Ostpolitik as a Source of Intrabloc Tensions.” In NATO and the Warsaw Pact: Intrabloc Conflicts, edited by Mary Ann Heiss and S. Victor Papacosma, 106-121. Kent, OH: Kent State University Press, 2008.

Baudet, Floribert. “‘It Was Cold War and We Wanted to Win’: Human Rights, Détente and the CSCE.” In Origins of the European Security System: The Helsinki Process Revisted, 1965-1975, edited by Andreas Wenger, Vojtech Mastny and Christian Nuenlist, 183-198. London: Routledge, 2008.

Blackwill, R. D., and M. Stürmer, eds. Allies Divided: Transatlantic Policies for the Greater Middle East. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, 1997.

Bland, Douzglas L. The Military Committee of the North Atlantic Alliance: A Study of Structure and Strategy. New York: Praeger, 1991.

Bozo, Frédéric. “Defense Versus Security? Reflections on the Past and Present of the ‘Future Tasks’ of the Alliance (1949-99).” In A History of NATO – The First Fifty Years, Volume 2, edited by Gustav Schmidt, 65-80. London: Palgrave, 2001.

Brenner, Michael. Terms of Engagement: The United States and the European Security Identity. Westport: Praeger, 1998.

Buteaux, Paul. The Politics of Nuclear Consultation in NATO, 1965-1980. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1983.

Burr, William, and Robert Wampler, eds. “Lifiting the Veil on Cosmic: Declassified Documents on NATO Military Planning and Threat Assessments of the Warsaw Pact”. Parallel History Project on NATO and the Warsaw Pact [http://www.php.isn.ethz.ch] (May 2002).

Calleo, David. Beyond American Hegemony: The Future of the Western Alliance. New York: Basic Books, 1987.

Calleo, David P. The Atlantic Fantasy: The U.S., NATO, and Europe. Baltimore: John Hopkins Press, 1970.

Charles, Daniel. Planning in NATO: Pitfalls of First Use. Cambridge: Ballinger Publishing Company, 1987.

Chipman, John. NATO’s Southern Allies: Internal and External Challenges. London: Routledge, 1988.

Cleveland, Harlan. NATO: The Transatlantic Bargain. New York: Harper & Row, 1970.

Coker, Christopher. “NATO and Africa 1949-89: An Overview.” In A History of NATO – The First Fifty Years, Volume 1, edited by Gustav Schmidt, 153-172. London: Palgrave, 2001.

Cornish, Paul. Partnership in Crisis: The US, Europe and the Fall and Rise of NATO. London: Royal Institute of International Affairs, 1997.

Cromwell, William C. The United States and the European Pillar: The Strained Alliance. New York: St. Martin’s Press, 1992.

Dahinden, Martin und Andreas Wenger. “Die Nato 50 Jahre nach ihrer Gründung: Eine Allianz im Wandel.” In Bulletin 1999 zur schweizerischen Sicherheitspolitik, edited by Kurt R. Spillmann und Andreas Wenger, 35-58. Zürich: Forschungsstelle für Sicherheitspolitik und Konfliktanalyse, 1999.

Daalder, Ivo H. The Nature and Practice of Flexible Response: NATO Strategy and Theater Nuclear Forces Since 1967. New York: Columbia University Press, 1991.

de Rose, François. La Troisième Guerre Mondiale n’a pas eu Lieu: L’Alliance Atlantique et la Paix. Paris: Desclée de Brouwer, 1995.

Di Nolfo, Ennio, ed. The Atlantic Pact Forty Years Later: A Historical Reappraisal. Berlin: De Gruyter, 1991.

Drew, Nelson S. NATO From Berlin to Bosnia: Trans-Atlantic Security in Transition. Washington, D.C.: Institute for National Strategic Studies, National Defense University, 1995.

Duffield, John S. “The North Atlantic Treaty Organization: Alliance Theory.” In Explaining International Relations Since 1945, ed. by Ngaire Woods. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1996.

Duffield, John S. Power Rules: The Evolution of NATO’s Conventional Force Posture. Stanford, CA: Stanford California Press, 1995.

Eichler, Jan. “From Long-Term Deterrence to an “Out-of-Area Air Campaign.” A View of NATO Security Policy 1949-1999.” Perspectives 14 (2000): 27-39.

Ganser, Daniele. NATO’s Secret Armies: Operation Gladio and Terrorism in Western Europe. London/New York: Frank Cass, 2005.

Ganser, Daniele. “Terrorism in Western Europe: An Approach to NATO’s Secret Stay-Behind Armies.” The Whitehead Journal of Diplomacy and International Relations (Winter/Spring 2005): 69-95.

Gardner, Hall. “NATO and the UN: The Contemporary Relevance of the 1949 North Atlantic Treaty.” In A History of NATO – The First Fifty Years, Volume 1, edited by Gustav Schmidt, 39-56. London: Palgrave, 2001.

Gendron, Robin S. “The Domestic Cost of NATO Membership: Canada’s Commitment to NATO Unity and the Growth of Separatism in Quebec, 1956–1967.” In Transatlantic Relations at Stake. Aspects of NATO, 1956-1972, ed. by Christian Nuenlist and Anna Locher. Zürcher Beiträge zur Sicherheitspolitik 78 (2006): 145-64.

Gordon, Colin. The Atlantic Alliance: A Bibliography. London: F. Pinter, 1978.

Gordon, Philip H. The Transatlantic Allies and the Changing Middle East. Oxford: Oxford University Press (Adelphi Paper 322), 1998.

Gordon, Philip H. The United States and the European Security and Defense Identity in the New NATO. Paris: Institut Français des Relations Internationales (les notes de l’Ifri 4), 1998.

Granatstein, Jack L. “The United Nations and the North Atlantic Treaty Organization.” In A History of NATO – The First Fifty Years, Volume 1, edited by Gustav Schmidt, 29-38. London: Palgrave, 2001.

Grapin, Jacqueline, ed. The European Defense Pillar of the Transatlantic Alliance: Conclusions from the 1996 Washington Conference of The Western European Union ‘Transatlantic Forum’. Washington, DC: The European Institute, 1997.

Grosser, Alfred. The Western Alliance: European-American Relations Since 1954. London: Macmillan, 1980.

Haass, Richard N., ed. Transatlantic Tensions: The United States, Europe and Problem Countries. Washington, DC: Brookings Institution, 1999.

Haftendorn, Helga. European Security Cooperation and the Atlantic Alliance. San Domenico, 1991.

Haglund, David G, ed. Pondering NATO’s Nuclear Options: Gambits for a Post-Westphalian World. Kingston, Ont.:Queens Quarterly, 1999.

Haglund, David G, ed. Will NATO Go East? Kingston, Ont.: Queen’s University Centre for International Relations, 1996.

Halloran, Mary. “‘A Planned and Phased Reduction’: The Trudeau Government and the NATO Compromise, 1968–1969.” In Transatlantic Relations at Stake. Aspects of NATO, 1956-1972, edited by Christian Nuenlist and Anna Locher. Zürcher Beiträge zur Sicherheitspolitik 78 (2006): 125-45.

Hampson, Fen Osler, Harald von Riekhoff and John Roper, eds. The Allies and Arms Control. Baltimore: The John Hopkins University Press, 1992.

Heiss, Mary Ann. “Colonialism and the Atlantic Alliance: Anglo-American Perspectives at the United Nations, 1945-1963.” In NATO and the Warsaw Pact: Intrabloc Conflicts, edited by Mary Ann Heiss and S. Victor Papacosma, 25-42. Kent, OH: Kent State University Press, 2008.

Heuser, Beatrice. “Alliance of Democracies and Nuclear Deterrence.” In War Plans and Alliances in the Cold War: Threat Perceptions in the East and West, edited by Vojtech Mastny, Sven S. Holtsmark and Andreas Wenger, 193-217. London: Routledge, 2006.

Heuser, Beatrice. “NATO-Kernwaffenstrategie im Kalten Krieg: Eine kleine rückblickende Übersicht.” Österreichische Militärzeitschrift 2 & 3 (1995): 145-156 & 265-274.

Heuser, Beatrice. NATO, Britain, France, and the FRG: Nuclear Strategies and Forces for Europe, 1949-2000.New York: St. Martin’s Press, 1997.

Heuser, Beatrice. Transatlantic Relations: Sharing Ideals and Costs. London: Chatham House Papers, 1996.

Joffe, Josef. The Limited Partnership: Europe, the United States, and the Burdens of Alliance. Cambridge, MA: Ballinger, 1987.

Johnsen, William T. NATO’s New Front Line: The Growing Importance of the Southern Tier. Carlisle Baracks, PA: Strategic Studies Institute, 1992.

Jordan, Robert S, ed. Generals in International Politics: NATO’s Supreme Allied Commander, Europe. Lexington: University Press of Kentucky, 1987.

Jordan, Robert S. and Michael W. Bloome. Political Leadership in NATO: A Study in Multilateral Diplomacy. Boulder, CO: Westview Press, 1979.

Kaplan, Lawrence S. “NATO United, NATO Divided: The Transatlantic Relationship.” In NATO and the Warsaw Pact: Intrabloc Conflicts, edited by Mary Ann Heiss and S. Victor Papscoma, 3-24. Kent, OH: Kent State University Press, 2008.

Kaplan, Lawrence S. NATO Divided, NATO United: The Evolution of an Alliance. New York: Praeger, 2004.

Kaplan, Lawrence S. The Long Entanglement: NATO’s First Fifty Years. New York: Praeger, 1999.

Kaplan, Lawrence S. American Historians and the Atlantic Alliance. Kent, OH: Kent State University Press, 1991.

Kaplan, Lawrence S. et al, eds. NATO after Forty Years. Wilmington, DE: Scholarly Resources, 1990.

Kaplan, Lawrence S., Robert W. Clawson and Raimondo Luraghi, eds. NATO and the Mediterranean. Wilmington, DE: Scholarly Resources, 1985.

Kay, Sean. “NATO and Counter-insurgency: Strategic Liability or Tactical Asset? Contemporary Security Policy 28, no. 1 (2007): 163-186.

Kay, Sean. “NATO and the CSCE.” NATO in the Post-Cold War Era: Does It Have a Future? edited by S. Victor Papcosma and Mary Ann Heiss. New Yok: St. Martin’s, 1995.

Kay, Sean. NATO and the Future of European Security. Lanham, MD: Rowman and Littlefield, 1996.

Karber, Phillip A. and Jerald A. Combs. “The United States, NATO, and the Soviet Threat to Western Europe: Military Estimates and Policy Options, 1945-1963.” Diplomatic History 22, 3 (Summer 1998): 399-429.

Kaufmann, William W. Planning Conventional Forces, 1950-1980. (Studies in Defense Policy). Washington, DC: Brookings Institution, 1982.

Kent, John. “NATO, Cold War and the End of Empire.” In A History of NATO – The First Fifty Years, Volume 1, edited by Gustav Schmidt, 141.152. London: Palgrave, 2001.

Killebrew, Robert B. Conventional Defense and Total Deterrence: Assesing NATO’s Strategic Options. Wilmington, DER: Scholarly Resources, 1986.

Kissinger, Henry A. The Troubled Partnership: A Reappraisal of the Atlantic Alliance. New York: McGraw-Hill, 1965.

Knapp, Manfred, ed. Transatlantische Beziehungen. Stuttgart: Steiner (Veröffentlichung des Studienkreises Internationale Beziehungen, 3), 1990.

Krieger, Wolfgang. “NATO and Nuclear Weapons – An Introduction to Some Historical and Current Issues.” In A History of NATO – The First Fifty Years, Volume 3, edited by Gustav Schmidt, 101-120. London: Palgrave, 2001.

Kugler, Richard L. Commitment to Purpose: How Alliance Partnership Won the Cold War. Santa Monica, CA: RAND, 1993.

Laugen, Torunn. “Stumbling into a new role. NATO’s out-of-area policy after the Cold War.”Defence Studies 5/1999. Oslo: Norwegian Institute for Defence Studies, 1999.

Liland, Frode. “Keeping Nato out of trouble. Nato’s non-policy on out-of-area issues during the Cold War.”Defence Studies 4/1999. Oslo: Norwegian Institute for Defence Studies, 1999.

Liland, Frode. “Explaining NATO’s Non-Policy on Out-Of-Area Issues during the Cold War.” In A History of NATO – The First Fifty Years, Volume 1, edited by Gustav Schmidt, 173-192. London: Palgrave, 2001.

Link, Werner. “Die NATO im Geflecht internationaler Organisationen.” Aus Politik und Zeitgeschichte 49, 11 (1999).

Liska, George. Nations in Alliance. Baltimore, MD: 1962.

Lowenstein, Hubertus, and Volkmahr von Zuhlsdorff. NATO and the Defense of the West. Greenwood, CT: Greenwood, 1960.

Ludwig, Anke Marei. “Platz gefunden - Ziel klar? Die Politik der europäischen Mitgliedstaat im NATO-Wissenschaftsausschuss (1957-1967). Journal of European Integration History 12, no. 2 (2006): 91-105.

Lundestad, Geir, ed. No End to Alliance: The United States and Western Europe: Past, Present, and Future. (Nobel Symposium 105). London: Macmillan, 1998.

Lunn, Simon. Burden-Sharing in NATO. London: Routledge, 1983.

Mantovani, Mauro. “Die Schweiz und die NATO.” Paper delivered at Conference ‘Von Truman bis Harmel: Die Bundesrepublik Deutschland im Spannungsfeld von NATO und europäischer Integration’ (41. Internationale Tagung für Militärgeschichte des MGFA). Potsdam, 22-25 March 1999.

Mastny, Vojtech. “Did NATO Win the Cold War? Looking over the Wall.” Foreign Affairs 78, 3 (May/June 1999): 176-189.

Mastny, Vojtech. “Reassuring NATO: Eastern Europe, Russia, and the Western Alliance.”Defence Studies 5/1997. Oslo: Norwegian Institute for Defence Studies, 1997.

Necas, Pavel. “Beyond tradition: new alliance’s strategic concept”. NATO Defense College Monograph Series 21/2004

Megens, Ine. “The Multilateral Force as an Instrument for a European Nuclear Force?” In NATO and the Warsaw Pact: Intrabloc Conflicts, edited by Mary Ann Heiss and S. Victor Papacosma, 91-105. Kent, OH: Kent State University Press, 2008.

Melandri, Pierre. L’Alliance atlantique. Paris: Gallimard, 1979.

Möckli, Daniel. “The EC Nine, the CSCE and the Changing Pattern of European Security.” In Origins of the European Security System: The Helsinki Process Revisted, 1965-1975, edited by Andreas Wenger, Vojtech Mastny and Christian Nuenlist, 145-163. London: Routledge, 2008.

Moens, Alexander. “Transatlantic Bipolarity and NATO’s Global Role.” Journal of Transatlantic Studies 4, no. 2 (2006): 241-252.

Morgan, Michael Cotey. “North America, Atlanticism and the Making of the Helsinki Final Act.” In Origins of the European Security System: The Helsinki Process Revisted, 1965-1975, edited by Andreas Wenger, Vojtech Mastny and Christian Nuenlist, 25-45. London: Routledge, 2008.

Örvik, Nils, and Niels J. Haagerup. The Scandinavian Members of Nato. London: IISS, 1965.

Palmer, John. Europe Without America? The Crisis in Atlantic Relations. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1987.

Park, William. Defending the West: A History of NATO. Boulder, CO: Westview, 1986.

Pedlow, Gregory W., ed. NATO Strategy Documents, 1949-1969. Brussels: NATO / SHAPE, 1997.

Petersen, Nikolaj. “The Dilemmas of Alliance: Denmark’s Fifty Years with NATO”. In A History of NATO – The First Fifty Years, Volume 3, edited by Gustav Schmidt, 275-294. London: Palgrave, 2001.

Powaski, Ronald E. The Entangling Alliance: The United States and European Security, 1950-1993. Westport, CT: Greenwood, 1994.

Pradetto, August, ed. Ostmitteleuropa, Russland und die Osterweiterung der NATO: Perzeptionen und Strategien im Spannungsfeld nationaler und europäischer Sicherheit. Opladen: Westdeutscher Verlag, 1997.

Risse-Kappen, Thomas. “Collective Identity in a Democratic Community: The Case of NATO”. In The Culture of National Security: Norms and Identity in World Politics, ed. by Peter J. Katzenstein. New York: Columbia University Press, 1996: 357-399.

Risse-Kappen, Thomas. Cooperation Among Democracies: The European Influence on U.S.-Foreign Policy. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 1995.

Risso, Linda. “Enlightening Public Opinion: A Study of NATO’s Information Policies Based on Recently Declassified Documents.” Cold War History 7, no. 1 (2007): 45-74.

Rose, Clive. Campaigns Against Western Defence: NATO’s Adversaries and Critics. Houndsmill et al.: Macmillan, 1985.

Ryan, David. The United States and Western Europe in the Twentieth Century. London: Pearson, 2003.

Sandler, Todd and Keith Hartey. The Political Economy of NATO: Past, Present, and Into the 21th Century. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1999.

Schimmelfennig, Frank. The EU, NATO, and the Integration of Europe: Rules and Rhetoric. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2003.

Schmidt, Gustav, ed. Changing Perspecitves on European Security and NATO’s Search for a New Role: From the 1960s to the Present. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press (special issue of Contemporary European History, Vol. 7), 1998.

Schmidt, Gustav, ed. A History of NATO: The First Fifty Years. Basingstoke: Palgrave, 2001.

Schwabe, Klaus. “Commitments to NATO and Domestic Politics.” In A History of NATO – The First Fifty Years, Volume 2, edited by Gustav Schmidt, 225-234. London: Palgrave, 2001.

Schwartz, David N. NATO’s Nuclear Dilemmas. Washington: Brookings, 1983.

Schweitzer, Carl-Christoph. The Changing Western Analysis of the Soviet Threat. New York: St. Martin’s Press, 1990.

Serfati, Simon and Stephan Cambone, eds. NATO Enlargement: The National Debates Over Ratification. Washington, DC: Report of the Center for Strategic and International Studies, 1997.

Sloan, Stanley R. Burdensharing in NATO: 2. The US and Transatlantic Burdensharing. Paris: Institut français des relations internationales (les notes de l’Ifri, no. 12) 1999.

Smith, Mark. NATO Enlargement during the Cold War: Strategy and System in the Western Alliance. Basingstoke: Palgrave, 2000.

Smith, Michael. Western Europe and the United States: The Uncertain Alliance. London: Allen and Unwin, 1984.

Smyser, William R. “Was einmal war, wird nicht mehr sein: Rückblick auf 60 Jahre amerikanische Europa-Politik.” Internationale Politik 59, no. 11/12 (2004): 143-148.

Spencer, Robert. “Alliance Perceptions of the Soviet Threat, 1950-1988.” In The Changing Western Analysis of the Soviet Threat, ed. by Carl-Christoph Schweitzer. New York: St. Martin’s Press, 1990: 9-48.

Spiegel, Stephen L, ed. The Middle East and the Western Alliance. London: George Allen and Unwin, 1982.

Stuart, Douglas, ed. Politics and Security in the Southern Region of the Atlantic Alliance. Baltimore, MD: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1988.

Stuart, Douglas and William Tow. The Limits of Alliance: NATO Out-of-Area Problems since 1949. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1990.

Suri, Jeremi. “Détente and Human Rights: American and West European Perspectives.” Cold War History 8, no. 4 (2008): 527-545.

Suri, Jeremi. “Henry Kissinger and the Reconceptualization of European Security, 1969-1975.” In Origins of the European Security System: The Helsinki Process Revisted, 1965-1975, edited by Andreas Wenger, Vojtech Mastny and Christian Nuenlist, 46-64. London: Routledge, 2008.

Surlien, Knut Amund. Review of Robert S. Jordan: Norstad, Cold War NATO Supreme Commander: Airman, Strategist, Diplomat. In Norsk Militært Tidsskrift. 12 (2002).

Taylor, Trevor. “NATO’s Defence Industrial Position: On the Verge of American Hegemony?” In A History of NATO – The First Fifty Years, Volume 3, edited by Gustav Schmidt, 3-12. London: Palgrave, 2001.

Thomas, Ian Q. R. The Promise of Alliance: NATO and the Political Imagination. Lanham: Rowman & Littlefield Publishers, 1997.

Thoss, Bruno. “Kollektive Verteidigung und ökonomische Sicherheit: Die Verteidigungsplanung der NATO zwischen militärischen Erfordernissen und finanziellen Begrenzungen 1949-1967.” In Von Truman bis Harmel: Die Bundesrepublik Deutschland im Spannungsfeld von NATO und europäischer Integration, edited by Hans-Joachim Harder, 19-38. München: Oldenbourg, 2000.

Treverton, Gregory. Making the Alliance Work: The United States and Western Europe. London: Macmillan, 1985.

Tucker, Robert W., and Linda Wrigley, eds. The Atlantic Alliance and Its Critics. New York: Praeger, 1983.

Wells, Samuel F., Jr. and Alex Danchev. “Waiting for NATO: Strategic Concepts and Force Structure.” In A History of NATO – The First Fifty Years, Volume 3. In A History of NATO – The First Fifty Years, Volume 3, edited by Gustav Schmidt, 175-182. London: Palgrave, 2001.

Wheeler, Michael O. “NATO Nuclear Strategy, 1949-90.” In A History of NATO – The First Fifty Years, Volume 3, edited by Gustav Schmidt, 121-140. London: Palgrave, 2001.

Williams, Phil (comp.). The North Atlantic Treaty Organization. New Brunswick, NJ: Transactions Publications, 1994.

Wittmann, Klaus. “The Road to NATO’s New Strategic Concept.” In A History of NATO – The First Fifty Years, Volume 3, edited by Gustav Schmidt, 219-240. London: Palgrave, 2001.

Whitford, Jon, and Thomas-Durell Young. “Multinational Command Authorities: the Need for Change in NATO.” Defense Analysis 13, no.1 (1997).

Yost, David S. “NATO and the Anticipatory Use of of Force.” International Affairs 83, no. 1 (2007): 39-68.

Young, Thomas-Durell. Reforming NATO’s Military Structures: The Long-Term Study and its Implications for Land Forces. Carlisle Barracks, PA: Strategic Studies Institute, 1998.

NATO | Out of Area

Ashton, Nigel John, ed. The Cold War in the Middle East: Regional Conflict and the Superpowers 1967-73. Cold War History Series 19. London, Routledge: 2007.

Barrett, Roby Carol. The Greater Middle East and the Cold War: US Foreign Policy Under Eisenhower and Kennedy. London: Tauris, 2007.

Bowen, Jeremy. Six Days: How the 1967 War Shaped the Middle East. London: Simon & Schuster, 2003.

Goldman, Zachary K. "Ties that Bind: John F. Kennedy and the Foundations of the American-Israeli Alliance." Cold War History 9, no. 1 (2009): 23-58.

Gluska, Ami. The Israeli Military and the Origins of the 1967 War: Government, Armed Forces and Defence Policy 1963-1967. London: Routledge, 2007.

Hughes, Geraint. “Britain, the Transatlantic Alliance and the Arab-Israeli War of 1973.” Journal of Cold War Studies 10, no. 2 (2008): 3-40.

Lundestad, Ingrid. “ USA og Suez-krisa i 1956: Den kalde krigens betydning for amerikansk politikk” [The U.S. and the 1956 Suez Crisis: The Importance of the Cold War for American Policies]. Fortid 4, no. 4 (2007): 32-38.

Martin, Garret. “Playing the China Card? Revisiting France’s Recognition of Communist China, 1963-1964.” Journal of Cold War Studies 10, no. 1 (2008): 52-80.

Popp, Roland. “An Application of Modernization Theory during the Cold War? The Case of Pahlavi Iran.” International History Review 30, no. 1 (2008): 76-98.

NATO | Periods | Origins

Anderson, Terry H. The United States, Great Britain and the Cold War, 1944-1947. Columbia, MO: University of Missouri Press, 1981.

Aunesluoma, Juhana. “An Elusive Partnership: Europe, Economic Co-operation and British Policy towards Scandinavia 1949-1951.” Journal of European Integration History 8, no. 1 (2002): 103-119.

Baylis, John. The Diplomacy of Pragmatism: Britain and the Formation of NATO, 1942-1949. (American Diplomacy History). Houndmills, UK: Macmillan, 1993.

Botti, Tomothy J. The Long Wait: The Forging of the Anglo-American Nuclear Alliance, 1945-1958. New York: Greenwood, 1987.

Brogi, Alessandro. A Question of Self-Esteem: The United States and the Cold War Choices in France and Italy, 1944-1958. Westport: Praeger, 2002.

Burke, K., and M. Stokes, eds. The United States and the European Alliance since 1945. Oxford: Berg, 1999.

Cogan, Charles G. “The Security Crisis of the Late 1940s.” In A History of NATO – The First Fifty Years, Volume 2, edited by Gustav Schmidt, 321-340. London: Palgrave, 2001.

Cook, Don. Forging the Alliance: NATO, 1945-1950. New York: Arbor House, 1989.

de Staercke, André et al. NATO’s Anxoius Birth: The Prophetic Vision of the 1940s. London: 1985.

Di Nolfo, Ennio. “The United States, Europe and the Marshall Plan.” In The Failure of Peace in Europe 1943-48. Ed. by Antonio Varsori and Elena Calandri. London: Palgrave, 2002: 288-96.

Duke, Simon and Wolfgang Krieger, eds. U.S. Military Forces in Europe: The Early Years 1945-1970. Boulder, CO: Westview, 1993.

Ehlert, Hans et al, eds. Die NATO-Option. (Anfänge westdeutscher Sicherheitspolitik 1945-1956; 3). München: Oldenbourg, 1993.

English, John. “‘Who Could Ask for Anything More?’ North American Perspectives on NATO’s Origins.” In A History of NATO – The First Fifty Years, Volume 3, edited by Gustav Schmidt, 305-320. London: Palgrave, 2001.

Ferell, Robert H. “The Formation of the Alliance, 1948-1949.” In American Historians and the Atlantic Alliance, edited by Lawrence S. Kaplan, 11-32. Kent, OH: Kent State University Press, 1991.

Geppert, Dominik, ed. The Postwar Challenge: Cultural, Social, and Political Change in Western Europe, 1945-58. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2003.

Gori, Francesca and Silvio Pons, eds. The Soviet Union and Europe in the Cold War, 1943-1953. New York: St. Martin’s, 1996.

Hampton, Mary N. “NATO at the Creation: U.S. Foreign Policy, West Germany and the Wilsonian Impulse.” Security Studies 4, 3 (1995): 610-656.

Heller, Francis H. and John R. Gillingham, eds. NATO: The Founding of the Atlantic Alliance and the Integration of Europe. Basingstoke: Macmillan, 1992.

Henrikson, Alan K. “The Creation of the North Atlantic Alliance, 1948-1952.” Naval War College Review 32 (May-June 1980): 4-39.

Hogan, Michael J. The Marshall Plan: America, Britain and the Reconstruction of Western Europe, 1947-1952. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1987.

Ireland, Timothy P. Creating the Entangling Alliance: The Origins of the North Atlantic Treaty Organization. Westport, CT: Greenwood Press, 1981.

Isaacson, Walter, and Evan Thomas. The Wise Men: Six Friends and the World They Made. New York: Simon and Schuster, 1986.

Jackson, Ian. The Economic Cold War: America, Britain and East-West Trade, 1948-63. (Cold War History Series). Basingstoke: Palgrave, 2001.

Kaplan, Lawrence S. NATO 1948: The Birth of the Transatlantic Alliance. Lanham: Rowman & Littlefield, 2007.

Kaplan, Lawrence S. The United States and NATO: The Formative Years. Lexington: University Press of Kentucky, 1984.

Kaplan, Lawrence S. A Community of Interests: NATO and the Military Assistance Program: 1948-1951. Washington: Office of the Secretary of Defense, 1980.

Kieninger, Michael. Double Containment: Kanada und die Entstehung der NATO. Konstanz: Hartung-Gorre, 2001.

Leonardis, Massimo de. History of the Origins and the First Developments of NATO (1947-1957). Milano: Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 1994.

Levering, Ralph B. Debating the Origins of the Cold War: American and Russian Perspectives. Lanham: Rowman & Littlefield, 2002.

Lundestad, Geir. America, Scandinavia and the Cold War, 1945-1949. Oslo: Norwegian University Press, 1980.

Maier, Klaus A. und Norbert Wiggershaus, eds. Das Nordatlantische Bündnis, 1949-1956. Beiträge zur Militärgeschichte 37. München: Oldenbourg, 1993.

Mastny, Vojtech. “NATO from the Soviet and East European Perspectives 1949-1968.” In Von Truman bis Harmel: Die Bundesrepublik Deutschland im Spannungsfeld von NATO und europäischer Integration, edited by Hans-Joachim Harder, 55-74. München: Oldenbourg, 2000.

Milloy, John C.The North Atlantic Treaty Organization, 1948-1957: Community or Alliance? Montreal: McGill University Press, 2006.

Milward, Alan. The Reconstruction of Western Europe, 1947-52. London: Methuen, 1984.

Morgan, Curtis F., Jr. James F. Byrnes, Lucius Clay, and American Policy in Germany 1945-1947. Studies in American History, 43. Lewiston: Edwin Mellen, 2002.

Nadzhafov, Dzhahangir G. “The Beginning of the Cold War between East and West: The Aggravation of Ideological Confrontation.”Cold War History 4, no. 2 (2003/2004): 140-174.

Neal, Steve, ed. HST: Memories of the Truman Years. Carbondale: Southern Illionis University Press, 2003.

Offner, Arnold A. Another such Victory: President Truman and the Cold War, 1945-1953. Stanford: Stanford University Press, 2002.

Osgood, Robert E. NATO: The Entangling Alliance. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1962.

Pach, Chester J. Arming the Free World: The Origins of the United States Military Assistance Programme, 1945-1950. Chapel Hill, NC: University of North Carolina Press, 1991.

Pedaliu, Effie G.H. Britain, Italy and the Origins of the Cold War. (Cold War History Series). Basingstoke: Palgrave, 2003.

Pedlow, Gregory. “Putting the ‘O’ in NATO: The Organizational Development of the North Atlantic Alliance, 1949-1956.” In Von Truman bis Harmel: Die Bundesrepublik Deutschland im Spannungsfeld von NATO und europäischer Integration, edited by Hans-Joachim Harder, 153-170. München: Oldenbourg, 2000.

Reid, Escott. Time of Fear and Hope: The Making of the North Atlantic Treaty, 1947-1949. Toronto: McLelland and Stewart, 1977.

Riste, Olav, ed. Western Security: The Formative Years: European and Atlantic Defence 1947-1953. Oslo: Universitetsforlaget, 1985.

Smith, E. Timothy. The United States, Italy and NATO, 1947-1952. New York: St. Martin’s Press, 1991.

Smith, Joseph, ed. The Origins of NATO. (Exeter Studies in History; 28). Exeter: University of Exeter Press, 1990.

Smith, Michael. Western Europe and the United States: The Uncertain Alliance. London: Allen and Unwin, 1984.

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Münger, Christof. Kennedy, die Berliner Mauer und die Kubakrise: Die westliche Allianz in der Zerreissprobe 1961–1963. Paderborn: Schöningh, 2003.

Nehring, Holger. “Diverging Perceptions of Security: NATO, Nuclear Weapons, and Social Protest.” In Transforming NATO in the Cold War: Challenges Beyond Deterrence in the 1960s, edited by Andreas Wenger, Christian Nünlist and Anna Locher. London: Routledge, 2007.

Niedhart, Gottfried. “Zustimmung und Irritationen: Die Westmächte und die deutsche Ostpolitik 1969/70.” In Deutschland, Großbritannien, Amerika. Politik, Gesellschaft und Internationale Geschichte im 20. Jahrhundert. Festschrift für Gustav Schmidt zum 65. Geburtstag, edited by Ursula Lehmkuhl, Clemens A. Wurm, Hubert Zimmermann, 227-245. Stuttgart: Steiner, 2003.

Nuti, Leopoldo. “A Decade of Delusions and Disappointments: Italy and NATO in the 1960s.” In Transforming NATO in the Cold War: Challenges Beyond Deterrence in the 1960s, edited by Andreas Wenger, Christian Nünlist and Anna Locher. London: Routledge, 2007.

O’Hara, Glen. “The Limits of US Power: Transatlantic Financial Diplomacy under the Johnson and Wilson Administrations, October 1964-November 1968.”Contemporary European History 12, no. 3 (2003): 257-278.

Pedlow, Gregory, W. “Flexible Response before MC14/3: General Lauris Norstad and the Second Berlin Crisis 1958-1962.” Storia delle Relazioni Internazionali 13, no. 1 (1998): 235-268.

Pedlow, Gregory W, ed. NATO Strategy Documents 1949-1969. Brussels: SHAPE, 1997.

Planck, Charles R. The Changing Status of German Reunifiation in Western Diplomacy 1955-1966. Baltimore, MD: The Johns Hopkins University Press, 1967.

Pöttering, Hans-Gert. Adenauers Sicherheitspolitik 1955-63: Ein Beitrag zum deutsch-amerikanischen Verhältnis. Düsseldorf: Droste, 1975.

Priest, Andrew. “From Hardware to Software: The End of the MLF and the Rise of the Nuclear Planning Group.” In Transforming NATO in the Cold War: Challenges Beyond Deterrence in the 1960s, edited by Andreas Wenger, Christian Nünlist and Anna Locher. London: Routledge, 2007.

Priest, Andrew. Kennedy, Johnson and NATO: Britain, America and the dynamics of alliance, 1962-68. London: Routledge, 2006.

Sagan, Scott Douglas and Jeremi Suri. “The Madman Nuclear Alert: Secrecy, Signaling, and Safety in October 1969.” International Security 27, no. 4 (2003): 150-183.

Schertz, Adrian W. Die Deutschlandpolitik Kennedys und Johnsons. Köln: Böhlau Verlag, 1992.

Schmitt, Burkard. Frankreich und die Nukleardebatte der Atlantischen Allianz 1956-66. München: Oldenbourg, 1998.

Schwartz, Thomas A. “Lyndon Johnson and Europe: Alliance Politics, Political Economy, and ‘Growing out of the Cold War’.” In The Foreign Policies of Lyndon Johnson: Beyond Vietnam, edited by H.W. Brands. College Station: Texas University Press, 1999.

Schwartz, Thomas A. Lyndon Johnson and Europe: In the Shadow of Vietnam. Cambridge/London: Harvard University Press, 2003.

Soutou, Georges-Henri. “La décision française de quitter le commandement intègre de l’OTAN.” In Von Truman bis Harmel: Die Bundesrepublik Deutschland im Spannungsfeld von NATO und europäischer Integration, edited by Hans-Joachim Harder, 185-208. München: Oldenbourg, 2000.

Søborg Agger, Jonathan. “Striving for Détente: Denmark and NATO, 1966-67.” In Transforming NATO in the Cold War: Challenges Beyond Deterrence in the 1960s, edited by Andreas Wenger, Christian Nünlist and Anna Locher. London: Routledge, 2007.

Stromseth, Jane E. The Origins of Flexible Response: NATO’s Debate Over Strategy in the 1960’s. Basingstoke: Macmillan, 1988.

Suri, Jeremi. “The Normative Resilience of NATO: A Community of Shared Values amid Publid Discord." In Transforming NATO in the Cold War: Challenges Beyond Deterrence in the 1960s, edited by Andreas Wenger, Christian Nuenlist and Anna Locher, 15-30. London: Routledge, 2006.

Tal, David. “The Burden of Alliance: The NPT Negotiations and the NATO Factor, 1960–1968.” In Transatlantic Relations at Stake. Aspects of NATO, 1956-1972, edited by Christian Nuenlist and Anna Locher. Zürcher Beiträge zur Sicherheitspolitik 78 (2006): 97-124.

Thiel, Elke. “Devisenausgleich und Lastenteilung im Atlantischen Bündnis.” Europa-Archiv 26, no. 10 (1971): 353-362.

Thoss, Bruno. “Information, Persuasion, or Consultation? The Western Powers and NATO during the Berlin Crisis, 1958–1962.” In Transatlantic Relations at Stake. Aspects of NATO, 1956-1972, edited by Christian Nuenlist and Anna Locher. Zürcher Beiträge zur Sicherheitspolitik 78 (2006): 73-96

Trachtenberg, Marc. A Constructed Peace: The Making of the European Settlement 1945-1963. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 1999.

Treverton, Gregory F. The “Dollar Drain” and American Forces in Germany: Managing the Political Economics of Alliance. Athens/Ohio: Ohio University Press, 1978.

Twigge, Stephen et al. “Britain, the United States, and the Development of NATO Strategy, 1950-1964.” Journal of Strategic Studies 19, no. 2 (1996): 260-282.

Uhl, Matthias. “Die Rolle der Streitkräfte der UdSSR und der USA sowie ihrer jeweiligen deutschen Bündnispartner in der Kubakrise. Eine Fachtagung des Instituts für Zeitgeschichte München-Berlin am 15. Oktober 2002.” Vierteljahreshefte für Zeitgeschichte 2 (2003): 291-295.

Wells, Samuel F. Jr. “Charles de Gaulle and the French Withdrawal from NATO’s Integrated Command.” In American Historians and the Atlantic Alliance, edited by Lawrence S. Kaplan, 81-94. Kent, OH: Kent State University Press, 1991.

Wenger, Andreas, “NATO’s Transformation in the 1960s and the Ensuing Political Order in Europe.” In Transforming NATO in the Cold War: Challenges Beyond Deterrence in the 1960s, edited by Andreas Wenger, Christian Nuenlist and Anna Locher, 221-242. London: Routledge, 2006.

Wenger, Andreas. “Crisis and Opportunity: NATO’s Transformation and the Multilateralization of Détente, 1966-1968”. Journal of Cold War Studies 6, no. 1 (2004): 22-74.

Widén, Jerker. “Lyndon B. Johnson, Alec Douglas-Home, Europe and the NATO Multilateral Force, 1963-1964.” Journal of Transatlantic Studies 5, no. 2 (2007): 179-198.

Young, John W. “Killing the MLF?: The Wilson Government and the Nuclear Sharing in Europe, 1964-66”. Diplomacy & Statecraft 14, no. 2 (2003): 295-324.

Zimmermann, Hubert. Money and Security: Troops and Monetary Policy in Germany’s Relations to the United States and the United Kingdom. New York: Cambridge University Press, 2001.

Zimmermann, Hubert. “…they’ve got to put something in the family pot!: The Burden Sharing Problem in German-American Relations, 1960-1967.” German History 14, no. 3 (1996): 325-346.

Zimmermann, Hubert. “Western Europe and the American Challenge: Conflict and Cooperation in Technology and Monetary Policy, 1965-1973.”Journal of European Integration History 6, no. 2 (2000): 85-110.

NATO | Periods | 1970s

Buteux, Paul. The Politics of Nuclear Consultation in NATO 1965-1980. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1983.

Daalder, Ivo H. The Nature and Practice of Flexible Response: NATO Strategy and Theater Nuclear Forces Since 1967. New York: Columbia University Press, 1991.

Dittgen, Herbert. Deutsch-amerikanische Sicherheitsbeziehungen in der Ära Helmut Schmidt: Vorgeschichte und Folgen des NATO-Doppelbeschlusses. München: Fink, 1991.

Garthoff, Raymond L. Détente and Confrontation: American-Soviet Relations from Nixon to Reagan. Washington, DC: The Brookings Institution, 1994.

Goscha, Christopher E. and Maurice Vaïsse, eds. La Guerre du Vietnam et l’Europe 1963-1973. Bruxelles: Bruylant, 2003.

Haftendorn, Helga. “Das doppelte Missverständnis: Zur Vorgeschichte des NATO-Doppelbeschlusses von 1979.” Vierteljahrshefte für Zeitgeschichte 12 (1985): 244-287.

Hahn, Walter F. and Robert L. Pfaltzgraff, eds. Atlantic Community in Crisis: A Redefinition of the Transatlantic Relationship. New York: Pergamon Press, 1979.

Hofmann, Arne. The Emergence of Détente in Europe: Brandt, Kennedy and the Formation of Ostpolitik. Cold War History Series 15. London: Routledge, 2007.

Hughes, Geraint. “Britian, the Transatlantic Alliance and the Arab-Israeli War of 1973.” Journal of Cold War Studies 10, no. 2 (2008:) 3-40.

Legge, Michael. Theater Nuclear Weapons and the NATO Strategy of Flexible Response. Santa Monica, CA: RAND, 1983.

MacEachin, Douglas J. Predicting the Soviet Invasion of Aghanistan: The Intelligence Community’s Record. Washington: CIA, Center for the Study of Intelligence, 2002.

Nichols, Thomas M. “Carter and the Soviets: The Origins of the US Return to a Strategy of Confrontation.” Diplomacy & Statecraft 13, no. 2 (2002): 21-42.

Ploetz, Michael. „NATO and the Warsaw Treaty Organisation at the Time of the Euromissile Crisis, 1975 to 1985.” In A History of NATO – The First Fifty Years, Volume 2, edited by Gustav Schmidt, 209-224. London: Palgrave, 2001.

Rissen-Kappen, Thomas. The Zero-Option: INF, West Germany, and Arms Control. Boulder, CO: Westview, 1988.

Schwartz, Thomas Alan. “Legacies of Détente: A Three-Way Discussion.” Cold War History 8, no. 4 (2008): 513-525.

Wittner, Lawrence S. “The Forgotten Years of the World Nuclear Disarmament Movement, 1975-78.”Journal of Peace Research 40, no. 4 (2003): 435-456.

Young, Marilyn B. and Robert Buzzanco, eds. A Companion to the Vietnam War. Malden: Blackwell, 2002.

Zimmermann, Hubert. Money and Security: Troops and Monetary Policy in Germany’s Relations to the United States and the United Kingdom. New York: Cambridge University Press, 2001.

NATO | Periods | 1980 s

“At Historic Crossroads: Documents on the December 1989 Malta Summit.”Cold War International History Project Bulletin 12/13 (2001): 229-241.

Beschloss, Michael R. and Strabe Talbott. At the Highest Levels: The Inside Story of the End of the Cold War. Boston: Little, Brown and Company, 1993.

Betts, Richard K. “NATO’s Mid-Life Crisis.” Foreign Affairs 68 (1989).

Binnendijk, Hans. “NATO’s Nuclear Modernization Dilemma.” Survival 31, no. 2 (1989).

Bozo, Fédéric. “‘Winners and Losers’: France, the United States and the End of the Cold War.” Diplomatic History 33, no. 5 (2009): 927-956.

Buckley, William F. The Fall of the Berlin Wall. Hoboken: Wiley, 2004.

Cogan, Charles G. The Third Option: The Emancipation of European Defense, 1989-2000. Westport: Praeger, 2001.

Cox, Michael and Steven Hurst. “‘His Finest Hour?’: George Bush and the Diplomacy of German Unification.”Diplomacy & Statecraft 13, no. 4 (2002): 123-150.

Daalder, Ivo H. The Nature and Practice of Flexible Response: NATO Strategy and Theater Nuclear Forces Since 1967. New York: Columbia University Press, 1991.

Dittgen, Herbert. Deutsch-amerikanische Sicherheitsbeziehungen in der Ära Helmut Schmidt: Vorgeschichte und Folgen des NATO-Doppelbeschlusses. München: Fink, 1991.

Dougherty, James E., and Robert L. Pfaltzgraff, Jr., eds. Shattering Europe’s Defense Consensus: The Antinucelar Protest Movement and the Future of NATO. Washington, DC: Pergamon-Brassey, 1985.

Garthoff, Raymond L. Détente and Confrontation: American-Soviet Relations from Nixon to Reagan. Washington, DC: The Brookings Institution, 1994.

Gill, Stephen, ed. Atlantic Relations: The Reagan Era and Beyond. Brighton: Wheatsheaf, 1989.

Haftendorn, Helga. “Lastenteilung im Atlantischen Bündnis: Die Zukunft der amerikanischen militärischen Präsenz in Europa”. Europa-Archiv 40, no. 16 (1985): 497–506.

Herrmann, Richard K. and Richard Ned Lebow, eds. Ending the Cold War: Interpretations, Causation, and the Study of International Relations. New Visions in Security Series. New York: Palgrave, 2004.

Joffe, Josef. The Limited Partnership: Europe, the United States, and the Burdens of Alliance. Cambridge, MA: Ballinger, 1987.

Killebrew, Robert B. Conventional Defense and Total Deterrence: Assessing NATO’s Strategic Options. Wilmington, DE: Scholarly Resources, 1986.

Legge, Michael. Theater Nuclear Weapons and the NATO Strategy of Flexible Response. Santa Monica, CA: RAND, 1983.

Manchanda, Arnav. “When Truth is Stranger Than Fiction: The Able Archer Incident.” Cold War History 9, no. 1 (2009): 111-133.

Mann, James. The Rebellion of Ronald Reagan: A History of the End of the Cold War. New York: Viking, 2009.

MacEachin, Douglas J. Predicting the Soviet Invasion of Aghanistan: The Intelligence Community’s Record. Washington: CIA, Center for the Study of Intelligence, 2002.

Mastny, Vojtech. “How Able was ‘Able Archer’? Nuclear Trigger and Intelligence in Perspective.” Journal of Cold War Studies 11, no. 1 (2009): 108-123.

McDermott, Rose. “Arms Control and the First Reagan Administration: Belief-Systems and Policy Choices.”Journal of Cold War Studies 4, no. 4 (2002): 29-59.

McNamara, Robert S. “The Military Role of Nuclear Weapons: Perceptions and Misperceptions.” Foreign Affairs 62, no. 1 (1983).

Mueller, John. “What was the Cold War About? Evidence from its Ending.” Political Science Quarterly 119, no. 4 (2004/05): 609-631.

Njølstad, Olav, ed. The Last Decade of the Cold War: From Conflict Escalation to Conflict Transformation. Cold War History Series 5. London: Cass, 2004.

Peterson, Christian Philip. Ronald Reagan and Antinuclear Movements in the United States and Western Europe, 1981-1987. Studies in World Peace 15. Lewiston: Edwin Mellen, 2003.

Pierre, Andrew J., ed. A Widening Atlantic? Domestic Change and Foreign Policy. New York: Council on Foreign Relations, 1986.

Ploetz, Michael. “NATO and the Warsaw Treaty Organisation at the Time of the Euromissile Crisis, 1975 to 1985.” In A History of NATO – The First Fifty Years, Volume 2, edited by Gustav Schmidt, 209-224. London: Palgrave, 2001.

Ramet, Sabrina Petra and Christine Ingebritsen, eds. Coming in from the Cold War: Changes in U.S.-European Interactions since 1980. Lanham: Rowman & Littlefield, 2002.

Rissen-Kappen, Thomas. The Zero-Option: INF, West Germany, and Arms Control. Boulder, CO: Westview, 1988.

Riste, Olaf. “NATO’s Northern Frontline in the 1980s.” In The Last Decade of the Cold War: From Conflict Escalation to Conflict Transformation, edited by Olav Njølstad, 360-371. London: Cass, 2004.

Sjursen, Helene E. The United States, Western Europe and the Polish Crisis: International Relations in the Second Cold War. Basingstoke: Palgrave, 2003.

Suri, Jeremi. “Explaining the End of the Cold War: A New Historical Consensus?” Journal of Cold War Studies 4, no. 4 (2002): 60-92.

Wallander, Celeste A. “Western Policy and the Demise of the Soviet Union.”Journal of Cold War Studies 5, no. 4 (2003): 137-177.

NATO | Periods | 1990s

Asmus, Ronald D. and Robert C. Nurick. “NATO Enlargement and the Baltic States.” Survival 38, no. 2 (1996).

Art, Robert J. “Why Western Europe Needs the United States and NATO.” Political Science Quarterly 111 (1996).

Barry, Charles L. “NATO’s Combined Joint Task Forces in Theory and Practice.” Survival 38, no. 1 (1996).

Berdal, Mats. “From Operation ‘Maritime Monitor’ to ‘Allied Force’: Reflections on Relations Between NATO and the United Nations in the 1990s.” In A History of NATO – The First Fifty Years, Volume 1, edited by Gustav Schmidt, 57-84. London: Palgrave, 2001.

Binnendijk, Hans. “NATO’s Nuclear Modernization Dilemma.”Survival 31, no. 2 (1989).

Bono, Giovanna. NATO’s ‘Peace Enforcement’ Tasks and ‘Policy Communities’: 1990-1999. Aldershot: Ashgate, 2003.

Bozo, Frédéric. Where does the Atlantic Alliance Stand? The Improbable Partnership. Paris: Les notes de l’Ifri, 1999.

Brenner, Michael. NATO and Collective Security after the Cold War. London: Macmillan, 1998.

Brown, Michael E. “The Flawed Logic of NATO Expansion.” Survival 37, no. 1 (1995).

Carpenter, Ted Galen, ed. NATO at 40: Confronting a Changing World. Washington, DC: Cato Institute/Lexington Book, 1990.

Carpenter, Ted Galen and Barbara Conry, eds. NATO Enlargement: Illusions and Reality. Washington, DC: Cato Institute, 1998.

Clay, Clemens, ed. NATO and the Quest for Post-cold War Security. Basingstoke: MacMillan, 1997.

Cogan, Charles G. The Third Option: The Emancipation of European Defense, 1989-2000. Westport: Praeger, 2001.

Cornish, Paul. “European Security: The End of Architecture and the New NATO.” International Affairs 72 (1996).

Cornish, Paul. Partnership in Crisis: The US, Europe and the Fall and Rise of NATO. London: Royal Institute of International Affairs, 1997.

Dahl, Ann-Sofie. “Not If But How: Sweden’s Future Relations With NATO.” NATO Review 45, no. 3 (1997).

Dembinski, Mattjias and Kinka Gerke, eds. Cooperation or Conflict? Transatlantic Relations inTransition. Frankfurt and New York: Campus/St. Martin’s, 1998.

de Wijk, Rob. NATO on the Brink of the New Millenium: The Battle for Consensus. London, Washington: Brassey’s, 1997.

di Nolfo, Ennio, ed. The Atlantic Pact Forty Years Afterwards: A Historical Reappraisal. Berlin: Walter de Gruyter, 1991.

Duffield, John S. “NATO’s Functions after the Cold War.”Political Science Quarterly 109, no. 5 (1994-5).

Dutkiewicz, Piotr and Robert J. Jacksen, eds. NATO Looks East. Westport, CT: Praeger, 1998.

Eichengreen, Barry, ed. Transatlantic Economic Relations in the Post-Cold War Era. New York: Council on Foreign Relations, 1998.

Eyal, Jonathan. “NATO’s Enlargement: Anatomy of a Decision.” International Affairs 73, no. 4 (1997).

Flockhart, Trine. “The Dynamics of Expansion: NATO, WEU, EU.” European Security 5, no. 2 (1996).

Foster, Edward. NATO’s Military in the Age of Crisis Management. London: Royal United Services Institute for Defence Studies (RUSI Whitehall Paper Series), 1995.

Froehly, Jean-Pierreack. “NATO und Rüstungsindustrie: ESVI am Schweideweg?” Dokumente 55 (1998).

Gnesotto, Nicole. “Common European Defense and Transatlantic Relations.”Survival 38, no. 1 (1996).

Grant, Robert P. The Changing Franco-American Security Relationship: New Directions for NATO and European Defense Cooperation. Arlington, VA: U.S.-CREST (U.S.-CREST Symposium Report), 1993.

Grant, Robert P. “France’s New Relationship with NATO.”Survival 38, no. 1 (1996).

Haglund, David G., ed. Will NATO Go East? Kingston, Ontario: Queen’s University Centre for International Relations, 1996.

Haglund, David G. “The Fly in the Ointment? Defence Production and Trade as an Element of Divisiveness in the Post-Cold War Alliance.” In A History of NATO – The First Fifty Years, Volume 3, edited by Gustav Schmidt, 29-46. London: Palgrave, 2001.

Hampson, Fen Osler, Harald von Riekhoff, and John Roper, eds. The Allies and Arms Control. Baltimore, MD: The John Hopkins University Press, 1992.

Henriksen, Dag. NATO’s Gamble: Combining Diplomacy and Airpower in the Kosovo Crisis 1998-1999. Annapolis: Naval Institute Press, 2007.

Heuser, Beatrice, and Robert O’Neill, eds. Securing Peace in Europe, 1945-62: Thoughts for the Post-Cold War Era. Basingstoke: Macmillan, 1992.

Honig, Jan W. NATO: An Institution under Threat? Boulder CO: Westview, 1991.

Hunter, Robert E. “Enlargement: Part of a Strategy for Protecting Stability into Central Europe.” NATO Review 43, no. 3 (1995).

Johnsen, William T. and Thomas-Durell Young. Preparing for the NATO Summit: What are the Pivotal Issues? Carlisle Barracks, PA: Strategic Studies Institute, 1993.

Kamp, Karl-Heinz. “The Folly of Rapid NATO Expansion.” Foreign Policy (1995).

Kupchan, Charles A., ed. Atlantic Security: Contending Visions. New York: Council on Foreign Relations Press, 1998.

Legge, Michael J. “The Making of NATO’s New Strategy.” NATO Review 39, no. 6 (1991).

Lepgold, Joseph. “NATO’s Post Cold War Collective Action Porblem.” International Security 23, no. 1 (1998).

Leurdijk, Dick A. The United Nations and NATO in Former Yugoslawia. The Hague: Netherlands Atlantic Commission/Clingendael, 1994.

Maynard, Christopher. Out of the Shadow: George H.W. Bush and the End of the Cold War. College Station: Texas A&M University Press, 2008.

McCalla, Robert B. “NATO’s Persistence after the Cold War.” International Organization 50, no. 3 (1996).

Michita, Andrew M. “NATO Enlargement Post-1989: Successful Adaptation or Decline?” Contemporary European History 18, no. 3 (2009): 363-376.

Moens, Alexander, Lenard J. Cohen and Allen G. Sens, eds. NATO and European Security: Alliance Politics from the End of the Cold War to the Age of Terrorism. Westport: Praeger, 2003.

Morrison, James. NATO Expansion and Alternative Future Security Alignements. Washington: Institute for National Strategic Studies (MCNAI Paper 40), 1995.

Njølstad, Olav, ed. The Last Decade of the Cold War: From Conflict Escalation to Conflict Transformation. Nobel Symposium, 122:2002: Oslo. Cold War History Series 5. London: Cass, 2004.

Papacosma, S. Victor and Mary Ann Heiss, eds. NATO in the Post-Cold War Era: Does it Have a Future? New York: St. Martin’s, 1995.

Peterson, J. Europe and America in the 1990s: Prospects for Partnership. 2nd ed. London: Routledge, 1996.

Ramet, Sabrina Petra and Christine Ingebritsen, eds. Coming in from the Cold War: Changes in U.S.-European Interactions since 1980. Lanham: Rowman & Littlefield, 2002.

Roberts, Adam. “NATO’s ‘Humanitarian War’ over Kosovo.” Survival 41, no. 3 (1999).

Ruhle, Michael and Nick Williams. “NATO Enlargement and the EU.” The World Today 51, no. 5 (1995).

Rummel, R., ed. The Evolution of an International Actor: Western Europe’s Growing Self-Assertiveness. Boulder, CO: Westview, 1991.

Rupp, R. “NATO 1949 and NATO 2000: From Collective Defense toward Collective Security.” Journal of Strategic Studies 12, no. 3 (2000): 154-178.

Schulte, Greg. “Bringing Peace to Bosnia and Change to the Alliance.” NATO Review 45, no. 2 (1997).

Sherwood-Randall, Elisabeth. Allies in Crisis: Meeting Global Challenges to Western Security. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press, 1990.

Solana, Javier. “NATO’s Role in Bosnia: Charting a New Course for the Alliance.” NATO Review 44, no. 2 (1996).

Susman, Gerald I. and Sean O’Keefe. The Defense Industry in the Post-Cold War Era. Amsterdam: Pergamon, 1998.

Williams, Nick. The Future of Partnership for Peace. Sankt Augustin: Konrad-Adenauer-Stiftung (Working Paper), 1996.

Wörner, Manfred. “NATO Transformed: The Significance of the Rome Summit.” NATO Review 43, no. 2 (1995).

Yost, David S. NATO Transformed: The Alliance’s New Roles in International Security. Washington, DC: US Institute of Peace, 1998.

Yost, David S. The US and Nuclear Deterrence in Europe. London: IISS (Adelphi Papers No. 326), 1999.

Young, Thomas-Durell, ed. Command in NATO after the Cold War: Alliance, National, and Multinational Considerations. Carlisle Barracks, PA: Strategic Studies Institute, 1997.

Young, Thomas Durell. Reforming NATO’s Military Structures: The Long-Term Study and its Implications for Land Forces. Carlisle Barracks, PA: Strategic Studies Institute, 1998.

NATO | Periods | 2000s

Adler, Emanuel. “The Spread of Security Communities: Communities of Practice, Self-Restraint and NATO’s Post Cold War Transformation.” European Journal of International Relations 14, no. 2 (2008): 195-230.

Asmus, Ronald D. “Europe’s Eastern Promise: Rethinking NATO and EU Enlargement.” Foreign Affairs 87, no. 1 (2008): 95-106.

Asmus, Ronald D. Opening NATO’s Door. How the Alliance Remade Itself for a New Era. New York: Columbia University Press, 2002.

Croft, Stuart: “Guaranteeing Europe’s security? Enlarging NATO Again.” International Affairs 78, no. 1 (2002): 97-114.

Douglas, Frank R. The United States, NATO and a New Multilateral Relationship. Westport, CT: Prager, 2008.

Eichengreen, Barry, ed. Transatlantic Economic Relations in the Post-Cold War Era. New York: Council on Foreign Relations, 1998.

Haftendorn, Helga. “Das Ende der alten NATO.” Internationale Politik 57, no. 4 (2002): 49-54.

Hay, William Anthony and Harvey Sicherman, eds. Is There Still a West? The Future of the Atlantic Alliance. Columbia: University of Missouri Press, 2007.

Hodge, Carl Cavanagh. “Strategic Drift in the Expeditionary Era: NATO in the New World.” Journal of Transatlantic Studies 5, no. 1 (2007): 25-42.

Hofmann, Stephanie C. “OTAN: vers un nouveau concept stratégique?” Politique étrangère 73, no. 1 (2008): 105-118.

Ilgen, Thomas L., ed. Hard Power, Soft Power, and the Future of Transatlantic Relations. Aldershot: Ashgate, 2006.

Kitchen, Veronica M. “Argument and Identity Change in the Atlantic Security Community.” Security Dialogue 40, 1 (2009): 95-114.

Laugen, Torunn. Stumbling into a New Role: NATO’s Out-of-Area Policy after the Cold War. Oslo: Institute for Defence Studies, 5, 1999.

Mahncke, Dieter. Redefining Transatlantic Security Relations: The Challenge of Change. Manchester: Manchester University, 2004.

Moens, Alexander, Lenard J. Cohen and Allen G. Sens, eds. NATO and European Security: Alliance Politics from the End of the Cold War to the Age of Terrorism. Westport: Praeger, 2003.

Mowle, Thomas S. “Global NATO: Bandwagoning in a Unipolar World.” Contemporary Security Policy 28, no. 3 (2007): 597-618.

Necas, Pavel. Beyond Tradition: New Alliance’s Strategic Concept. Rome: NATO Defense College (NATO Defense College Monograph Series No. 21), 2004.

Papacosma, S. Victor, and Pierre-Henri Laurent, eds. NATO and the European Union: Confronting the Challenges of European Security and Enlargement. Kent, OH: Lyman L. Lemnitzer Center for NATO and European Union Studies, 1999.

Reichard, Martin. The EU-NATO Relationship: A Legal and Political Perspective. Aldershot: Ashgate, 2006.

Rose, Jürgen. “NATO-Dämmerung: Das transatlantische Bündnis vor dem Aus?” Wissenschaft und Frieden 21, no. 2 (2003): 5-6.

Roth, William V. Jr. NATO in the 21st Century. Brussels: North Assembly, 1998.

Schake, Kori N., Amaya Bloch-Lainé, and Charles Grant. “Building a European Defence Capability.”Survival 41, no. 1 (1999).

Sloan, Stanley R. NATO, the European Union, and the Atlantic Community: The Transatlantic Bargain Reconsidered. Lanham: Rowman & Littlefield, 2003.

van Ham, Peter. “Friedensstifter oder Fachidiot? Was die NATO noch oder nicht mehr kann: eine Debatte über die Zukunftsfähigkeit des Bündnisse: pro und contra.” Internationale Politik 63, no. 3 (2008): 16-24.

NATO | Countries | Belgium

Dujardin, Vincent. “Belgium, NATO, and Détente, 1960-1973.” In Transatlantic Relations at Stake. Aspects of NATO, 1956-1972, edited by Christian Nuenlist and Anna Locher. Zürcher Beiträge zur Sicherheitspolitik 78 (2006): 189-214.

Dujardin, Vincent. "Go-between: Belgium and Détente, 1961-73." Cold War History 7, no. 1 (2007): 95-116.

NATO | Countries | Canada

Bothwell, Robert. Alliance and Illusion: Canada and the World, 1945-1984. Vancouver: University of Brutusg Columbia Press, 2007.

Bothwell, Robert. Canada and the United States. New York: Twayne, 1992.

Donaghy, Greg. "Domesticating NATO: Canada and the North Atlantic Alliance, 1963-68." International Journal 52, no. 3 (1997): 445-464.

Eayrs, James. In Defence of Canada: Growing Up Allied. Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 1980.

Ehrhart, Hans-Georg, and David G. Haglund, eds. The “New Peacekeeping” and European Security: German and Canadian Interests and Issues. Baden-Baden: Nomos, 1995.

English, John, and Norman Hillmer, eds. Making A Difference?: Canada’s Foreign Policy in a Changing World Order. Toronto: Lorimer, 1992.

Granatstein, Jack L. and Norman Hillmer. For Better or for Worse: Canada and the Unites States to the 1990s. Toronto: Copp Clak and Pittman, 1991.

Hagan, John. Northern Passage: American Vietnam War Resisters in Canada. Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 2001.

Haglund, David G. "Is the Democratic Alliance a Ticket to (Free) Ride? Canada's 'Imperial Commitments' from the Interwar Period to the Present." Journal of Transatlantic Studies 5, no. 1 (2007): 1-24.

Haglund, David G. "The NATO of its Dreams: Canada and the North Atlantic Alliance." International Journal 52, no. 3 (1997): 464-483.

Haglund, David G, ed. Canada’s Defence Industrial Base: The Political Economy of Preparedness and Procurement. Kingston, Ontario: Ronald P. Frye, 1988.

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NATO | Countries | Greece

Chipman, John. NATO’s Southern Allies: Internal and External Challenges. London: Routledge, 1988.

Couloumbis, Theodore A. Greek Political Reaction to American and NATO Influences. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press, 1966.

Couloumbis, Theodore A. The United States, Greece, and Turkey: The Troubled Triangle. New York: Praeger, 1983.

Iatrides, John O. “Failed Rampart: NATO’s Balkan Front.” In NATO and the Warsaw Pact: Intrabloc Conflicts, edited by Mary Ann Heiss and S. Victor Papacosma, 58-74. Kent, OH: Kent State University Press, 2008.

Kalyvas, Stathus N. and Niko Marantzidis. “Greek Communism, 1968-2001.”East European Politics and Societies 16, no. 3 (2002): 665-690.

Kuniholm, Bruce. The Near East Connection: Greece and Turkey in the Reconstruction and Security of Europe, 1946-1952. Brookline, MA: Hellenic College Press, 1984.

Kuniholm, Bruce. The Origins of the Cold War in the Near East: Great Power Conflict and Diplomacy in Iran, Turkey, and Greece. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 1994.

Papacosma, S. Victor. “Greece and NATO: A Nettlesome Relationship.” In A History of NATO – The First Fifty Years, Volume 3, edited by Gustav Schmidt, 359-374. London: Palgrave, 2001.

Papacosma, S. Victor. “NATO and Internal Disputes: Greece and Turkey.” In NATO after Fifty Years, edited by S. Victor Papacosma, Sean Kay and Mark R. Rubin, 199-225. Wilmington, DE: Scholarly Resources, Inc. 2001.

Sassoon, Donald. “Socialism and Atlanticism in Southern Europe”. In A History of NATO – The First Fifty Years, Volume 2, edited by Gustav Schmidt, 235-250. London: Palgrave, 2001.

Stearns, M. Entangled Allies: U.S. Policy Toward Greece, Turkey, and Cyprus. New York: Council on Foreign Relations, 1992.

NATO | Countries | Iceland

Aunesluoma, Juhana, Magnus Petersson and Charles Silva. “Deterrence or reassurance? Nordic responses to the first détente, 1953-1956.” Scandinavian Journal of History 32, no. 2 (2007): 183-208.

Ingimundarson, Valur. The Struggle for Western Integration: Iceland, the United States, and NATO during the First Cold War. Oslo: Institut for Forsvarsstudier, 1999.

Ingimundarson, Valur. “A Western Cold War: The Crisis in Iceland’s Relations with Britain, the United States, and NATO, 1971-1974”. Diplomacy & Statecraft 14, no. 4 (2003): 94-136.

Ingimundarson, Valur. “The Role of NATO and the US Military Base in Icelandic Domestic Politics, 1949-99.” In A History of NATO – The First Fifty Years, Volume 2, edited by Gustav Schmidt, 285-304. London: Palgrave, 2001.

Riste, Olav. “NATO, the Northern Flank, and the Neutrals.” In A History of NATO – The First Fifty Years, Volume 3, edited by Gustav Schmidt, 241-256. London: Palgrave, 2001.

Tamnes, Rolf. “The Strategic Importance of the High North during the Cold War.” In A History of NATO – The First Fifty Years, Volume 3, edited by Gustav Schmidt, 257-274. London: Palgrave, 2001.

Wallin, L., and Ingemar Dörfer, eds. Changing Strategic Conditions in the High North. Stockholm: FOA, 1990.

NATO | Countries | Italy

Brogi, Alessandro. L’Italia e l’Egemonia Americana nel Mediterraneo. Firenze: La Nuova Italia, 1996.

Brogi, Alessandro. “Ike and Italy: The Eisenhower Administration and Italy’s ‘Neo-Atlanticist’ Agenda.”Journal of Cold War Studies 4, no. 3 (2002): 5-35.

Brogi, Alessandro. A Question of Self-Esteem: The United States and the Cold War Choices in France and Italy, 1944-1958. Westport: Praeger, 2002.

Calandri, Elena. “Italy’s Foreign Assistance Policy, 1959-1969.”Contemporary European History 12, no. 4 (2004): 509-525.

Caligaris, Luigi. “Italy.” In Politics and Security in the Southern Region of the Atlantic Alliance, edited by D. Stuart. Baltimore, MD: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1988.

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Di Nolfo, Ennio, Romain Rainero and Brunello Vigezzi, eds. L’Italia e la Politica di Potenza in Europa, 1945-1950. Milano: Marzorati, 1987.

Kelly, Saul. Cold War in the Desert: Britain, the United States and the Italian Colonies, 1945-52. Cold War History Series. Basingstoke: Palgrave, 2002.

Miller, James E. The United States and Italy, 1940-1950. The Politics and Diplomacy of Stabilization. Chapel Hill, NC: North Carolina University Press, 1984.

Monteleone, Carla. “The Evolution of the Euro-Atlantic Pluralistic Security Community: Impact and Perspectives of the Presence of American Bases in Italy." Journal of Transatlantic Studies 5, no. 1 (2007): 63-85.

Njølstad, Olav. “The Carter Administration and Italy: Keeping the Communists out of Power without Interfering.”Journal of Cold War Studies 4, no. 3 (2002): 56-94.

Nuti, Leopoldo. Gli Stati Unitit e l’Apertura a Sinistra, 1953-1963: Importanza e Limiti della Presenza Americana in Italia. Roma-Bari: Laterza, 1999.

Nuti, Leopoldo. “The United States, Italy, and the Opening to the Left, 1953-1963." Journal of Cold War Studies 4, no. 3 (2002): 36-55.

Nuti, Leopoldo. “The Center-Left Government in Italy and the Escalation of the Vietnam War.” In America’s War and the World. Vietnam in International and Comparative Perspectives, edited by Andreas W. Daum, Lloyd C. Gardner and Wilfried Mausbach, 259-278. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2003.

Nuti, Leopoldo. “An Instrumental and Atlantic Europe: Discussions about Foreign Policy and the Future of the Nation State in Italy, 1945-1955.” In The Postwar Challenge: Cultural, Social and Political Challenge in Western Europe, 1945-1958, edited by Dominik Geppert. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2003.

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Nuti, Leopoldo and Bruna Bagnato. “Italy and the Berlin Crisis, 1958-1961.” In The Second Berlin Crisis, edited by John Gearson and Kori Schake, 147-174. New York: St. Martins’ Press, 2002.

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Smith, E. Timothy. The United States, Italy and NATO, 1947-1952. New York: St. Martin’s Press, 1991.

Weber, Kathrin. “Italiens Weg in die NATO 1947-1949.” Viertelsjahrhefte für Zeitgeschichte 41, no. 2 (1993): 197-221.

NATO | Countries | Netherlands

Bruijn, J.R. and C.B. Wels, ed., Met man en macht. De militaire geschiedenis van Nederland 1500-2000 [No Holds Barred. The Military History of the Netherlands 1500-2000]. Amsterdam: Balans, 2003.

de Geus, P.B.R. Staatsbelang en krijgsmacht: De Nederlandse defensie tijdens de Koude Oorlog. Den Haag: Sdu, 1998.

de Graaff, Bob, Duco Hellema and Bert van der Zwan, eds. De Nederlandse buitenlandse politiek in de 20e eeuw [Dutch Foreign Policy in the Twentieth Century]. Amsterdam: Boom, 2003.

Hoffenaar, Jan. “‘Hannibal ante portas’: The Russian Military Threat and the Build-up of the Dutch Armed Forces, 1948-1958.”The Journal of Military History 66 (2002): 163-191.

Lavrov, Vladimir. “A Glimpse of Holland during the Cold War Era.” International Affairs 52, no. 5 (2006): 194-204.

Nederhof, R. Blazing Skies. De Groepen Geleide Wapens van de Koninklijke Luchtmacht in Duitsland, 1960-1995 [Blazing Skies. The Guided Missile Groups of the Royal Netherlands Air Force in Germany, 1960-1995]. Den Haag: SDU Uitgevers, 2002.

Wiebes, Cees and Bert Zeeman. “‘I don’t need your handkerchiefs’: Holland’s experience of crisis consultation in NATO.” International Affairs 66 (1990): 91-113.

NATO | Countries | Norway

Berdal, Mats. The United States, Norway, and the Cold War, 1954-60. London: Macmillan, 1997.

Bjerga, Kjell Inge. “Political Signals and Operational Necessity in the Arctic. The Commander Armed Forces North-Norway in a regional, national and international perspective during the Cold War.” In The Cold War, Military Power and the Civilian Society, edited by Karl L. Kleve. Bodø: Norwegian Aviation Museum, 2003.

Bjerga, Kjell Inge. Enhet som våpen: Øverstkommanderende i Nord-Norge 1948-2002 [Unity as a weapon. The Commander in Chief Northern Norway, 1948-2002]. Bergen: Eide, 2002.

Frøland, Hans Otto. “Distrust, Dependancy and Détente: Norway, Two Germanies and ‘the German Question’, 1945-1973.” Contemporary European History 15, no. 4 (2006): 495-517.

Holtsmark, Sven G. Avmaktens diplomati. DDR i Norge, 1949-1973 [The Diplomacy of Impotence. The GDR in Norway 1949-1973]. Oslo: HIFO, 1999.

Holtsmark Sven G, ed. Norge og Sovjetunionen 1917-1955. En utenrikspolitisk dokumentasjon [Norway and the Soviet Union 1917-1955. A Foreign Policy Documentation]. Oslo: Cappelen Forlag, 1995; Moscow: Elia-Art-O, 1997 [Russian edition]).

Kleve, K, ed. “Kilder til norsk luftmilitær historie” [Sources to the Norwegian air force history]. In IFS Info, no. 3/2001. Oslo: Norwegian Institute for Defence Studies, 2001.

Lillevik. Lene. Moments of Crisis: John F. Kennedy and the Norwegian Response to the Cold War, 1960-1964: A Dissertation. Ann Arbor: UMI, 2002.

Lundestad, Geir. America, Scandinavia and the Cold War, 1945-1949. Oslo: Norwegian University Press, 1980.

Melien, Tor Jørgen. US Navy i Norske Farvann 1939-1949. (Forsversstudier: 2002, 3). Oslo: IFS, 2002.

Melle, Oddbjørn. “Den langvarige opinionskrigen: Vietnam-konflikten i USA; Norge og Sverige.” Internasjonal politikk, 64 no. 3 (2006): 311-340.

Njølstad, Olav. Strålende forskning. Institutt for energiteknikk 1948-1998 [Institute for Energy Technology 1948-1998]. Oslo: Tano Aschehoug, 1999.

Njølstad Olav and Wicken, Olav. Kunnskap som våpen. Forsvarets forskningsinstitutt 1946-1976 [Norwegian Defence Research Establishment 1946-1976]. Oslo: Tano Aschehoug, 1997.

Norsk utenrikspolitikks historie [History of Norwegian Foreign Policy]. Vols. 1-6. Oslo: Universitetsforlaget, 1995-1997.

Petersson, Magnus. “Brödrafolkens väl”: Svensk-Norska Säkerhetsrelationer 1949-1969. Sverige under Kalla Kriget 11. Stockholm: Santérus, 2003.

Petersson, Magnus. “Man lär sig… “vem man kan hålla i hand när leken blir allvar”: Svensk militär underrättelsetjänst och Norge under förste delen av det kalla kriget”. [You find out… “whose hand to hold in time of trouble”: Swedish-Norwegian military intelligence co-operation in the first part of the Cold War]. In Motstrøms. Festskrift til Olav Riste [Against the current. Festschrift for Olav Riste], edited by Sven G. Holtsmark, Helge Ø. Pharo and Rolf Tamnes, 257-294. Oslo: Cappelen, 2003.

Pharo, Helge Øystein. „Altruism, Security and the Impact of Oil: Norway’s Foreign Economic Assistance Policy, 1958-1971”. Contemporary European History 12, 4 (2004): 527-546.

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Riste, Olav. The Norwegian Intelligence Service, 1945-1970. London: Frank Cass, 1999.

Riste, Olav. “Ideal og eigeninteresser: Utviklinga av den norske utanrikspolitiske tradisjonen” [Ideals and self-interest: The evolution of the Norwegian foreign policy tradition]. In Motstrøms. Festskrift til Olav Riste [Against the current. Festschrift for Olav Riste], edited by Sven G. Holtsmark, Helge Ø. Pharo and Rolf Tamnes, 53-88. Oslo: Cappelen, 2003.

Riste, Olav. “Istoriia vneshnei politiki Norvegii” [History of Norway’s Foreign Policy]. Moscow: Ves Mir, 2003.

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NATO | Countries | Portugal

Bosgra, S., and C. van Krimpen. Portugal and NATO. Amsterdam: Angola Comite, 1969.

Chipman, John. NATO’s Southern Allies: Internal and External Challenges. London: Routledge, 1988.

Sassoon, Donald. “Socialism and Atlanticism in Southern Europe.” In A History of NATO – The First Fifty Years, Volume 2, edited by Gustav Schmidt, 235-250. London: Palgrave, 2001.

NATO | Countries | Spain

Preston, Paul, and Denis Smyth. Spain, the EEC and NATO. London: Chatham House Papers 22, 1984.

Chipman, John. NATO’s Southern Allies: Internal and External Challenges. London: Routledge, 1988.

Sassoon, Donald. “Socialism and Atlanticism in Southern Europe.” In A History of NATO – The First Fifty Years, Volume 2, edited by Gustav Schmidt, 235-250. London: Palgrave, 2001.

NATO | Countries | Sweden

Andersson, Stellan. Den första grinden: svensk nedrustningspolitik 1961-1963. Stockholm: Santérus, 2004.

Aunesluoma, Juhana. Britain, Sweden and the Cold War, 1945-54: Understanding Neutrality. Basingstoke: Palgrave. 2003.

Dahl, Ann-Sofie. “Not If But How: Sweden’s Future Relations With NATO.” NATO Review 45, no. 3 (1997).

Dahl, Ann-Sofie. Svenskarna och NATO. Stockholm: Timbro, 1999.

Lundestad, Geir. America, Scandinavia and the Cold War, 1945-1949. Oslo: Norwegian University Press, 1980.

Malmborg, Mikael af. “Sweden – Nato’s Neutral ‘Ally’? A Post-Revisionist Account.” In A History of NATO – The First Fifty Years, Volume 3, edited by Gustav Schmidt, 295-316. London: Palgrave, 2001.

Muschik, Alexander. “Swedish Neutrality and the German Question, 1949-1972.” Contemporary European History 15, no. 4 (2006): 519-538.

Ottoson, Sten. Den (o)moraliska neutraliteten: tre politikers och tre tidningars moraliska värdering av svensk utrikespolitik 1945-1952. Sverige Under Kalla Kriget 7. Stockholm: Santérus, 2000.

Petersson, Magnus. “Brödrafolkens väl”: Svensk-Norska Säkerhetsrelationer 1949-1969. Sverige under Kalla Kriget, 11. Stockholm: Santérus, 2003.

Petersson, M. “Break glass only in case of war ...”: Den svenska försvarsmakten som säkerhetspolitisk instrument under 100 aar [“Break glass only in case of war ...”: The Swedish defense as a security-political instrument through 100 years]. Oslo: IFS, 2002.

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Wallin, L. and I. Dörfer, eds. Changing Strategic Conditions in the High North. Stockholm: FOA, 1990.

NATO | Countries | Turkey

Chipman, John. NATO’s Southern Allies: Internal and External Challenges. London: Routledge, 1988.

Couloumbis, Theodore A. The United States, Greece, and Turkey: The Troubled Triangle. New York: Praeger, 1983.

Kuniholm, Bruce. The Near East Connection: Greece and Turkey in the Reconstruction and Security of Europe, 1946-1952. Brookline, MA: Hellenic College Press, 1984.

Kuniholm, Bruce. The Origins of the Cold War in the Near East: Great Power Conflict and Diplomacy in Iran, Turkey, and Greece. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 1994.

Kuniholm, Bruce. “The Evolving Strategic Significance of Turkey’s Relationship with NATO.” In A History of NATO – The First Fifty Years, Volume 3, edited by Gustav Schmidt, 339-358. London: Palgrave, 2001.

Leffler, Melvyn P. “Strategy, Diplomacy, and the Cold War: The United States, Turkey, and NATO, 1945-1952.” The Journal of American History 71, no. 4 (1985): 807-825.

Özdemir, Hikmet. “The Turkish-American Relations toward 1960 Turkish ‘Revolution’.”Turkish Yearbook of International Relations 31, no. 2 (2002): 159-181.

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Stearns, M. Entangled Allies: U.S. Policy Toward Greece, Turkey, and Cyprus. New York: Council on Foreign Relations, 1992.

NATO | Countries | United Kingdom

Anderson, Terry H. The United States, Great Britain and the Cold War, 1944-1947. Columbia, MO: University of Missouri Press, 1981.

Ashton, Nigel John. Kennedy, Macmillan and the Cold War: The Irony of Interdependence. Basingstoke: Palgrave, 2002.

Ashton, Stephen R. “Keeping a Foot in the Door: Britain’s China Policy, 1945-50.” Diplomacy & Statecraft 15, no. 1 (2004): 79-94.

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Baylis, John. Ambiguity and Deterrence: British Nuclear Strategy 1945-1964. Oxford: Clarendon (Nuclear History Program, 4), 1995.

Baylis, John. Anglo-American Defence Relations, 1939-1984. London: Macmillan, 1981, 1984.

Botti, Tomothy J. The Long Wait: The Forging of the Anglo-American Nuclear Alliance, 1945-1958. New York: Greenwood, 1987.

Brown, Archie. “The Change to Engagement in Britain’s Cold War Policy: the Origins of the Thatcher-Gorbachev Relationship.” Journal of Cold War Studies 10, no. 3 (2008): 3-47.

Busch, Peter. All the Way with JFK? Britain, the US, and the Vietnam War. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2003.

Bush, George and Brent Scowcroft. A World Transformed. New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 1998.

Clark, Ian. Nuclear Diplomacy and the Special Relationship: Britain’s Deterrent and America, 1957-1962. Oxford: Clarendon, 1994.

Clarke, Michael, and Rod Hague, eds. European Defense Cooperation: America, Britain, and NATO. London: Macmillan, 1990.

Clarke, Michael. “Does my Bomb Look Big in this?: Britain’s Nuclear Choices after Trident.” International Affairs 80, no. 1 (2004): 46-92.

Cox-Alomar, Rafael. “Britain’s Withdrawal from the Eastern Carribean 1965-67: A Reappraisal.” Journal of Imperial and Commonwealth History 31, no. 3 (2003): 74-106.

Daddow, Oliver J., ed. Harold Wilson and European Integration: Britain’s Second Application to join the EEC. London: Cass, 2003.

Daddow, Oliver J. Britain and Europe since 1945: Historiographical Perspectives on Integration. Manchester: Manchester University Press, 2004.

Deighton, Anne. “‘A Different 1956’: British Responses to the Polish Events, June-November 1956. “ Cold War History 6, no. 4 (2006): 455-475.

Deighton, Anne. “Entente Neo-Coloniale? Ernest Bevin and the proposals for an Anglo-French Third World Power.” Diplomacy & Statecraft 17, no. 4 (2006): 835-852.

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NATO | Countries | United States

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