At the Roots of the European Security System:
Thirty Years Since the Helsinki Final Act

International Conference in Rüschlikon/Switzerland
8-10 September 2005

Thursday, 8 September 2005: GDI Institute, Rüschlikon

Andreas Wenger, Center for Security Studies, Zurich

Session 1: The Superpowers and European Détente

Chair: Andreas Wenger, Center for Security Studies

- “North America, Atlanticism, and the Helsinki Process,” Mike Morgan, Yale University

- 'It Isn't Something I'm Proud Of': Henry Kissinger and the CSCE, 1969-74,” Jussi Hanhimäki , Graduate Institute of International Studies, Geneva

- “Henry Kissinger and the Reconceptualization of European Security, 1969-75,” Jeremi Suri, University of Wisconsin, Madison

Chair: Malcolm Byrne, National Security Archive, Washington DC

- “Soviet Power during the Helsinki Process 1965-75: Optimism, Doubt, or Defiance?”
Marie-Pierre Rey, University of Paris Panthéon Sorbonne

- “Soviet Interests, Expectations, and Reactions to the Signing of the Helsinki Final Act,” Svetlana Savranskaya, National Security Archive, George Washington University, Washington DC

- "The Soviet Role in the Early CSCE Process,” Ambassador Yuri Kashlev, Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Moscow

Session 2 : Eastern Strategies in the CSCE

Chair: Vojtech Mastny, National Security Archive, Washington DC

- “The Warsaw Pact and the Preparation for the European Security Conference, 1965-75,” Csaba Békés, Cold War History Research Center, Budapest

- “East Berlin Targets in the Early CSCE Process: The GDR's Ultimate Effort to Make the Division of Germany Irreversible,” Federica Caciagli, University of Florence

- “'Europe Must Not Become Greater Finland': The German CDU/CSU and China,” Bernd Schaefer, German Historical Institute, Washington, DC

Chair: Ambassador Rudolf V. Perina, Department of State, Washington DC

- “Poland and the Origins of the European Security Conference, 1964-1969,” Douglas Selvage, Office of the Historian, Department of State, Washington, DC

- “Polish Views on European Security and the CSCE,” Wanda Jarząbek, Polish Academy of Sciences

Friday, 9 September 2005, GDI Institute, Rüschlikon

Session 3: West European Strategies in the CSCE

Chair: Max Guderzo , University of Florence

- “The Link between CSCE and MBFR: Two Sprouts from One Bulb,” Helga Haftendorn,
Free University of Berlin

- “The EC-Nine, CSCE, and the Changing Pattern of European Security,” Daniel Möckli,
Center for Security Studies, Zurich

- “Beyond the Rhetoric: Interrogating the Narrative of 'Second Europe' and EEC Policy Coordination at the CSCE,” Ilaria Poggiolini

Chair: Leopoldo Nuti , University of Rome III

- “The Preparation of the CSCE in the Light of the Trilateral Relationship between Paris, Bonn, and Moscow (1965-1973),” Sandy Roupioz, Institute of Political Studies (IEP), Paris

- “Détente in Europe: An Italian Perception,” Ambassador Luigi Vittorio Ferraris, University of Rome III

- “'It Was Cold War and We Wanted to Win': Human Rights, Détente, and CSCE as Seen Through Dutch Archives,” Floribert Baudet, University of Utrecht

Session 4: The Neutrals and Non-Aligned in the CSCE Process

Chair: Erwin Schmidl, Austrian Defence Academy, Vienna

- “The Birth of N+NA: Swiss and Austrian Foreign Policy in the CSCE,” Thomas Fischer, Austrian Institute for International Affairs, Vienna

- “What Role for a Small Neutral State in East-West Détente? New Perspectives on Switzerland's Role in the CSCE, 1969-75," Christian Nünlist, Center for Security Studies, Zurich

- “Keeping Neutral between the Two German States: Finland's CSCE Initiative, 1969-73,”
Seppo Hentilä, University of Helsinki

Session 5: Security, Trade, and Economics

Chair: Alan Dobson , University of Dundee

- “Forgotten in the Basket: The CSCE and the Rise and Fall of Economic Détente,” Juhana Aunesluoma, University of Helsinki

- “Helsinki and Rambouillet: Security and Economic Matters at Stake, 1972-75,”
Duccio Basosi, University of Florence

Saturday, 10 September 2005, GDI Institute, Rüschlikon

Session 6: The German Question and the CSCE

Chair: Klaus Larres , Royal Holloway, University of London

- “An Intricate Web: Ostpolitik, the European Security System, and German Unification,"
Oliver Bange, University of Mannheim

- “At the Epicenter of Multilateral Westpolitik: The Federal Republic of Germany and Western CSCE Preparations, 1969-72,” Petri Hakkarainen, Oxford University

- “Status Quo vs. Peaceful Change: The German Question during the ESC/CSCE Process,” Gottfried Niedhart, University of Mannheim

Concluding Keynote speech: “The Helsinki Foundations of European Security: A Thirty-Year Perspective,” Vojtech Mastny , National Security Archive, Washington

Session 7: Oral History Workshop

Oral History Roundtable with Former Policy-makers and Diplomats

Chair: Jeremi Suri

Amb. Jacques Andréani (France)
Amb. Siegfried Bock (Germany)
Amb. Edouard Brunner (Switzerland)
Viscount Etienne Davignon (Belgium)
Amb. Yuri Kashlev (Russia)
Amb. Nicolae Ecobescu (Romania)
Amb. John Maresca (United States)
Sir Crispin Tickell (United Kingdom)

Organized by the Center for Security Studies at ETH Zurich
(Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Zurich)

as a Partner in the Parallel History Project on NATO and the Warsaw Pact (PHP),

in cooperation with the National Security Archive at George Washington University,
Washington DC, the Cold War International History Project at Woodrow Wilson
International Center for Scholars, Washington DC,

and the Machiavelli Center for Cold War Studies , Florence.